Best Friends

Time rushes by and Leo is nearly 16 weeks old. He is doing really well and has totally settled into his routine.

He best friends with Ozzy and behave as if they have always been together.

He is fully housetrained and is happy just to fit in with family life.

My New Bed

This is Leo in his new bed. It is in the living room so that he has a place of his own but can be with the family.

It its very important that dogs know their boundaries, as it makes for a much better relationship.

Leo is now quite happy sleeping in the porch with Ozzy, although he is still in his crate, locked in at night. In the day they are sometimes together outside or inside and other times they have time alone in their separate areas where each has their own kennel.

This way Leo can learn from Ozzy but also learns from us. He is totally clean in the house, well fully potty trained and comes when called and will sit on command as well, not bad at 15 weeks old.

Leo Loves His Friends

Leo loves other dogs, and just wants to play all the time.

He is becoming naughtier by the day, and if left gets into all sorts of trouble. It is relly important to set defined boundaries, and has enough mental stimulation.

If your dog is very bright and works things out quickly you need to be one step ahead and to challenge him. This can be with games, teaching tricks, advancing his training or exercise.

What is important it that he does not get bored, as this is when they tend to get into trouble and chew your prize possesion or ruin your home.

Another Bath!

Leo has had another exciting day, he is getting on with Ozzy really well. Being patient and only letting them be together for small amounts of time has really paid off. They can now be together and get on really well.

They are still not together all the time though.

Leo has been going out on lots of walks and is now starting to understand walking on the lead and not fighting it. He is interested in everything and loves a new challenge.

Life is still about meeting new things and situations, and not being scared. He loves being with us best of all.

Size Does Not Matter

Leo and Ozzy are now best friends, they still only spend a little bit of time together and are still always supervised.

They now both go out for walks together on the lead and Leo is starting to get the idea. Having an older well trained dog as an example helps speed up the training process and gives a good role model.

Leo is now very good with the sit command, and understands what is required from him. He also loves recieving treats and being a good boy.

Training Leo To Meet Friends

This was Leo's first outing to meet friends, and he had a great time.

He is now 12 weeks old and getting much naughter. He has to bewatched at all times or he gets into trouble.

Today at home he climbed outof his pen and found a beer can in the kitchen which then chewed holes in and decided to attack the feather duster - so you can imagine the mess, but he had great fun.

My advise is if youhave to leave your puppy make sure there is nothing he can get hold of or put him in his crate where he is safe. To read more about crate training your dog click here.

Meet My Sister

Give me a kiss Bro. Leo was really not sure what to make of his sister's affection.

This was Leo's first proper outing after his vaccinations. He had a great afternoon first meeting his sister and then going for a walk, followed by going into school to meet all the children.

He had to then have a long sleep to recover. It is very important for your dog's development to socialise and go into different environments. This will stand him in good sted for adapting to different situations in later life.

Bath Time!

Leo was so dirty after playing with Ozzy that he needed a bath.

This was a funny first experience in water, and he was not sure what to make of it.

As with all new experiences it is important for you to give lots of positive re-inforcement and praise so it is a good experience.

That way you have a clean happy puppy, who want mind having anther bath.

At Last Something To Get My Teeth Into

Leo is now 11 weeks old, and full of life. He loves chewing everything in sight.

It is therefore very important that he has his own things to chew, toys and bones.

He is also getting very naughty, as he is sleeping less and has more energy. This needs channeling so he needs lots of walks and playing with, otherwise boredom sets in and he is likely to get into all sorts of mischief. He can now climb out of his pen when he wants to be with us.

Ok I Just Want To Be Your Friend

Leo is just trying to make friends with Ozzy, but is not quite sure as Ozzy is so big. So he is wagging his tail madly and taking the submissive pose.

Remember that is takes a lot of time and effort and patience, to get wnat you want. But it will be paid off, so just keep going.

Ozzy has accepted Leo, they still are not left together because of the size difference but do run loose together and are establishing their pecking order well - Ozzy is boss.

Meet The Kitten

It is important in every dogs training that they are exposed to as many different situations as possible.

Leo is meeting a kitten that is one week younger than him. This is important as he lives with a cat and we do not want him to chase cats.

He is therefore learning from an early age to respect them and live along side them, this way they both have a mutual respect for each other.

It is also a good opportuntiy for him to learn the word/command "leave", as this is very in useful in training.

Sleep Is Very Important

Whilst puppies are growing it is very important for them to have lots of sleep, as well as good food, company and training.

They get very tired and expend a lot of energy, so it is very important they have time and a safe place to sleep.

Remember dog's learn by repetition, praise and reward if they are happy, healthy and well rested they will develop and respond to their training quicker.

It is also very important for puppies as they are growing so fast.

Social Interaction With Other Dogs

Meet my new friend. Its always important to listen and take notice of your elders.

As dogs are pack animals they like to be in group and socialise and play, this not only helps their development but also teaches them behaviour.

It is therefore important the they mix with dogs that have a similar level of training to that which you require for your puppy.

Puppy Pen

This is Leo's training pen, where he lives. It gives him security and a place of belonging.

This way he feels he is in the centre of everything happening in the house, but is also confined so does not get into trouble.

At nine weeks he is really teething and wants to chew everything. So he has plenty of his own toys to chew.

From outside he climbs back into the pen, so when he is tired he will climb back in and go to bed. When he is inside he can not get out. This may sound cruel but it is not, he is very happy in his own space.

Puppy On The Beach

Look how well I sit like a statue, especially for the camera.

Socialising your puppy and continuous training, makes your puppy a perfect friend.

When your puppy is well behaved he is a joy to take anywhere, when he is not you are constantly worrying what trouble he will get into next.

Leo is very good, he is clean all through the night and sleeps right through too. In the day he is happy to be left for a few hours in his pen or come with us.

Basking In The Sun

Use your Puppies natural behavior to reinforce their training. So when they naturally lie down start using the command "down" so they associate the command with the action.

Make sure that training is just part of your routine every day. This makes it fun for both of you and means that it is always evolving.

Leo now knows his name, so comes when you call him, and is happy to have a leash on, and walks next to you.

Socialising Your Puppy

This is not very cumfortable!

It is important in your puppies development and training that he is introducted to many different situations and environments.

Care must be taken until they are fully vaccinated, check with your Vet for the age at which they can have them. Leo has just had his first one.

We went away for the weekend, and because Leo is so small he came to and we carried him around, and he stayed in his crate. He is so good, and totally clean at night.

Last thing at night we take him into the garden and as soon as weget him out of the crate he goes straight outside. In this way his routine is already established.

Leo Showing You How He Can Sit

The perfect sit position, it is important that you start to teach your puppy one day one the correct training commands.

So when he natrually sits, say "Sit" and then praise him. Remember dog's learn by repetition, and reward, they love to please you.

Look I am already Trained on the Lead

It is never to early to start training your puppy, the earlier you get him use to a collar and lead the better he will accept them.

At first he will find it strange and try and scatch it off, just be paitent as he will soon get use to it and accept it.

The same goes for attaching a leash, just have it really loose to start with and go in the direction of the puupy until he gets use to it. Then get his attention either usung your voice or a treat so he starts to follow you.

Keep working with him for just a few minutes at a time several times a day and then build the length of time up. This will really help when he is ready to go out walking. It is also a good time to start introducing the word "heal" or similar command you wish to use.

Hello Please Come And Play

Leo has his own play pen which is situated in the kitchen, so he is in the centre of the house, but has his own area.

In the play pen are lots of dog toys, his crate and his food bowls. He also has newspaper in the corner incase he is left and needs to go.

This means he has a safe environment but does not feel he has been left alone.

Sleeping Like A Baby

Another clean night, such a good boy and see how he loves his crate, and monkey.

It is very important to be consistant with your puppy, and start as you mean to go on. They are never to young to learn.

This way they understand the boundries from day one and know what they can and can't do. Like have their own toys and not chew your belonging.

Notice how there is paper at the end of the crate just in case he can not hold on till he is let out. Dogs do not like to mess in the area where they sleep and therefore will try hard to keep it clean.

A Day In The Life Of A Puppy

Leo is growing very fast it seems that he grows by the minute, he is having lots of fun playing with his new found human friends, running, jumping and “galumphing” when he gets it slightly wrong!

He just runs and plays with his toys all day and has very, very few accidents indoors and his new family know that by following the potty training guide and getting him to relieve himself outside as much as possible, he keeps his crate and his new home dry and clean. Phew!

He simply loves his new crate and whenever he can he gets back into it he does and sometimes he simply crashes as if the world has just stopped, resting happily and peacefully with little yelps as he dreams away – this IS the life!

My New Friend

Leo has found a substitute to his litter mates a pirate monkey.

He is settling in very well to his new loving home, he even managed to sleep all through the night without crying or having any accicidents.

He sleeps in a crate with monkey and is following the puppy potty training methods in "How To Potty Train A Puppy", which for a 7 week old puppy are working really well. Yesterday he was clean all day!

The New Acquisition!

Leo the Jack Russell Terrier

Hi I am Ozzy's new playmate, let me introduce myself. I am just over 7 weeks old and arrived here on Sunday.

I am just about settling in, I know a little about potty training but not much, and I am very lovealbe.

Follow my progress of how I grow up and become trained and make friends with Ozzy the giant.

If you can't wait and want to know more about Potty Training Your Puppy click here!

Train Your Dog To Turn Around

Turn Around

Start by having your dog stand up facing you.
Get a treat ready in your hand and then get your dog to stand facing you.
Then let him see the treat and lead the dog's nose around to the left or the right in a circle.
Say a command like “circle”.
Once it is around then give him a treat an praise the dog.
Repeat this three time and three times a day for a week.

Train Your Dog To Wave

Wave

Like the shake hands command, this involves getting your dog to wave at you.

The training begins by you waving at your dog, do it in a way that is totally different to all the other commands that you use. That is a gesture that is unique.

Gently touch the dogs paw with one hand, whilst waving at the dog with the other hand. Say the command "Wave", and gently lift the paw and wave it too. This may take several attempts to master.

Remember as always praise your dog for good behaviour and reward with a treat. Keep repeating the process until your dog can wave on command.

Train Your Dog To Say Its Prayers

SAY YOUR PRAYERS

This trick is aimed to get your dog to put his head between his paws with the command “say your prayers” and, just for fun, end the trick with the command “amen” . The way to begin the trick is to get the dog in the sit position and sit on a chair in front of the dog.

Position a treat on the chair inbetween your legs. Then gently lift the dogs paws onto the chair and then “leave” so that the dog does immediately eat the treat. Then (this may be more difficult) get the dog to put its head down between its paws. For beest results use a treat to entice your dog's head down.

Then give the command “amen” and let the dog have its treat. Some trainers suggest that this is best done on a table with the trainer behind the dog and coaching the dog with its paws on the table.

Train Your Dog To Balance A Book On His Head

Balancing a Book on Your Dogs Head!

Now this is not for the beginner!

The process is as follows; get a appropriate size book, you might try experimenting with several sizes getting larger until you find the right size.

Get the dog to sit and stay, and then very gently place the book on the dogs withers or muzzle. Keep hold of the dog still whilst you are placing the book on the dog, and then slowly remove your hands keeping the book where it is.

Wait three or four seconds and then remove the book and let the dog relax, do this several times and then increase the time that the book is balanced. Once the dog has mastered this then get him to walk forward with the book, this may be an even tougher feat though.

Train Your Dog To Play Peek A Boo

PEEK A BOO

This is a fun trick to get your dog to hide its eyes on command.

The Steps: Get your dog to sit or lie down.
This is not so easy so a lot of practice may be necessary.
Hold a treat in your hand and blow gently on the dogs nose, this may get the dog to rub its nose or swipe at its face. Say the words “peek a boo” or “cover your eyes”. Immediately give a reward.

You can also lift his paw over his muzzle with your hand and reward.

Repeat the command and movement until the dog realizes what is needed to get the treat.

Train Your Dog To Turn The Light Off

TURN OF THE LIGHT SWITCH

This is a fun trick to teach your dog, even to show off when friends come round!

Firstly get a treat and hold it at the light switch that is the right height for your dog, one that he can reach on his back legs. Use a suitable command like “LIGHT OFF” and get him to touch the light switch as he jumps for the treat, reward him then with “GOOD LIGHT OFF”.

Gradually move away from the switch and alternately toss the treat at the switch and place it on the switch so that he has to knock it off, but a note of caution, the dog may hit the switch with its mouth rather than its paw and it may be better to hold the treat.

Dog Trick To Turn Around

Train Your Dog To Turn Around

Begin with your dog standing in front of you. Let him see that you have a treat in your hand. Stand still and say “Turn Around”. With the treat in your hand lead your dog’s nose round to the left (clockwise) keeping his attention the whole time, so that he walks round in a circle. Once he is back facing you praise him and give him the treat.

Once you have practiced this a few times and he starts to know what is expected of him, stand in front of him and say “Turn Around” but without leading his nose. If he turns round without being lead give him a treat and praise him lots. He does not carry on leading him round.

It is very important to be consistent with the command you give and praise, once he performs on command reduce to amount of treats he gets till he will perform without one.

Next Dog Trick - How To Bow.

Teach Your Dog to BOW!

This trick looks impressive but is quite an easy to learn.

If your dog is driven by food this is the method you should use.

Make sure you use a treat that has a tempting smell and your dog really likes, for example cheese, liver cake, sausages etc.

Get your dog to stand, while you kneel next to him. Then place a treat in between his front paws. Your dog’s attention should be on the treat so he should look done to between his paws to try and get the treat. If he tries to lay down instead of bowing then while he is standing place a hand on his tummy. This should stop him laying down.

Repeat this 3 times a day also using a command at the same time “Bow”, as he starts to bow on command reduce the amount of treats till he performs by command and hand action.

Train Your Dog To Do Fun Tricks

Tricks for Fun

There are some tricks that you can teach your dog that are purely to show off and for fun, here is list of some of the ones I have found on my research

Saying yes (nodding), and no (shaking their head), the trick here is to use cue words that act as the command rather than “say yes Fido” which is a little more obvious!

Say something, like "are you the best dog in the world, do you AGREE?” Agree being the cue word.

For the “no” command try something like “NOT”, as in “do you NOT like this Fido?”

Other tricks that we can look at in later blogs are getting your dog to push a ball around with his paws or his nose!

Train Your Dog Not To Pull On A Leash

Training Your Dog To Walk On A Leash.

One of the common faults of many dogs is pulling on a leash, which is more the owner's fault rather than the dog's.

Here are a few simple steps for making sure that it is you who decide where to walk with your dog, not the other way round!

1. The first purchase necessary is a check collar or gentle leader with a leash.

2. Get the dog to stand next to you on your left and get him to sit.

3. Walk slowly forward and as soon as the dog starts puling on the leash then stop and pull the leash back to you, avoid pulling the dog back.

4. When the dog stops praise him and continue walking.

5. Continue this process for a number of days, repeating the steps three or four times a day. In a few days the dog should be trained not to pull.

Trick Number 2 How to make Your Dog Dance

Teach Your Dog to Dance

Yes is possible! This is easiest to teach to dogs that have already a tendency to get up on their hind legs anyway, possibly a dog that jumps up at people, although the act of jumping up at people is not necessarily desirable all the time!

The good thing about teaching your dog this trick on command is that he does not put very much weight on the front legs and therefore doesn’t hurt anyone.

The start point is to catch your dog in the middle of jumping up at you, prefrably you, and gently take their paws and lift them so he stands. Praise him, give him a treat and release him.

Repeat this a number of times a day until the command is second nature.

Having learned the trick see if the dog can do it by himself!

Train Your Dog To Shake Hands

How to teach your dog to shake hands

Firstly with your dog sat in front of you take hold of its right paw with your right hand, and lift up the paw gently, your dog may think this is strange at first but persist and tell your dog the words “shake” as you are lifting the paw.

Lift the paw all the way until it is level with the dog's chest and then shake it in your hand.

Repeat this performance six times a day for a few days and then try just say ing the word "shake" as you reach out for the paw. Don’t take it but simply see if the dog offers the paw.

If it does then praise the dog heavily. By holding a treat tightly cupped in your hand, you can encourage this behavior.

Re-freshing Your Dog's Training

Retraining Your Older Dog

Most dogs no matter their intended purpose or eventual advanced training, live with people so they will need to be trained no matter thier age. Even the older dog will need to have his manners refreshed and whilst not as easy as a younger dog to train, patiennce and persistance will win.

Again like training a puppy it is the positive reward principle that is important to remember, reward positive behavior and correct or ignore negative behavior. It is really important for your dog to know it boundaries of what is acceptable behaviour and what is not, and this should be reinforced often.

There are five basic behviors that must be trained:
Sit
Stay
Come
Down and
Heel

6 Simple Steps To Potty Train Your Dog.

How to Potty Train Your Puppy!

Here are six simple steps to potty training your dog.

1. Feed your dog on a regular basis at set times of the day and remove any water bowls befrofe bed.

2. The three times when a puppy normally wants to releive itself are after sleeeping, feeding, playing and confinement and this is the best time to bring him to his designated area for potty training.

3.Confine the puppy to these areas untill it had finished doing its buisness.

4. Be vigilant and always on the lookout, sniffing and running around in circles is a sure sign!

5. Give a command when the puppy is doing its busines "go Potty" or similar.

6.While he is going and when he has finished, praise and reward him.

For more detailed information and a complete guide go to Potty Training Your Dog Click Here.

Teach Your Dog To Fetch a Toy

Training Your Dog To Fetch Is Fun

One method of teaching your dog to fetch is by using two toys. This involves two identical bouncy balls.

With one toy in your hand, play fully tempting him, then throw the toy so that the dog chases it. When he has fetched it then call him and show him that you have another toy.

Your dog then thinks you have another toy and he will race back to collect the other one. Throw the second one and then collect the first toy and start all over again.

Do this three times a day and make sure your dog is enjoying it! Remember to give lots of praise when he does what you are asking.

How To Train Your Dog To Lie Down

Training Your Dog to Lie Down in Five Steps

1. Firstly get the dog to sit in front of you.

2. Get down in front of the dog on your knee and hold a treat in your hand near his nose.

3. Then say “down“ at the same time bringing the treat slowly down keeping the dogs attention on the treat.

4. If he shows any movement towards the down position then lavish praise on him and give him the treat.

5. Repeat this three times and three times a day.

Dog Training, Teach Your Dog to Sit

One of the most basic training exercises is teaching your dog to sit. Some experts believe that not teaching this is a big mistake and when taught properly and executed is an excellent way of keeping your dog under control and avoid any problems in the future.

The procedure is as follows:
The ultimate aim of this exercise is to have a dog on its bottom looking at you when ever you say the word "sit". On the last blog we talked about teaching your dog its name and this follows on from this command.

A quiet room and a calm voice is essential to the exercise,

• Start by calling the dog's name with a treat in your hand (and many more in your pocket!).


• Whilst the dog is still standing show the dog the treat and bring it to above his head and move your hand to over his head.


• The dog will then do one of two things, move backwards or sit.


• If he sits then say “SIT” and immediately give him a treat and some praise.


• If he backs up then repeat the exercise in a corner.


• If he does anything else then don’t reward, just repeat till he does sit!


• Repeat this three times a day every day for two weeks.


• You will then have a dog that sits on command!


• Slowly decrease the treats or again you will have a fat dog!

Train Your Dog to Come

Training Your Puppy to Come When You Call

An unreliable dog that won’t come back when you call him, is one of the biggest hassles for any dog owner. The key is to start as young as possible, when they are puppies. Here are a few tips to help you regain control if you have lost it, and help your dog return to you with enthusiasm and zest.

• Firstly find out what your puppy really like to eat, what treat will he really enjoy (remember to avoid chocolate, it’s poisonous to dogs!).

• Start indoors with calling your puppy’s name.

• As soon as he responds and comes to you, then give him a treat, then praise him lavishly.

• Continue to so this 3 or 4 times, three times a day until he will come immediately.

• As soon as you are comfortable that he will do this then take him outside.

• When you are outside in a suitable location then start again, in exactly the same way.

• Call his name then give him a treat.

• Repeat.

• Once you are sure that he will come on command reduce the times you give him a treat.

• Only once every three times and then wean him off the treats (or you will probably have fat dog!).

Always reinforce your training by positive repetition.

Dog Eating Feces Part 6

Is your dog eating its own feces?

Reading some of the articles in some of the magazines this is quite a common problem. Some owners find it quite unacceptable but we are told by the experts that it is a perfectly normal behavior, dogs are scavengers, part of the natural “clean-up” system, disposing of accumulated outside human habitations.

It appears that sometimes that food passed through its body without being fully absorbed and may smell very similar to the dinner that it ate a little while ago! Apparently is more likely to happen if the food is full of additive such as coloring and flavorings. Taste deterrents may be the answer!

Dog Eating Feces Part 5

One of the methods suggested by many authors is to deter the dog from eating faeces on command. Walk by some faeces, and if the dog shows any interest tell him “NO OFF” and if he continues to show interest pull him off with a short tug of the leash and a firmer command.

When he is away from the faeces praise him. Keep walking to different piles of faeces time and time again until he gets the idea that you disapprove of his eating matter! Whenever he shows little or no interest in the subject matter then reward him again.

Supplementing a dog’s diet with a spoonful of canned pineapple or teaspoon of spinach can help the problem as well.

More on Dog Eating Feces

Are there health risks to stool eating?

In general it is not a good idea for dogs to eat stools, there are a number of dog specific parasites that can be transmitted from dog to dog if the dog eats the feces of other dogs repeatedly, parasites such as giardia , filaroides, coccidia, and if the faeces are around for 2-3 weeks or more, roundworms and whipworms .

These dogs should be treated with de-worming treatments appropriate to the type of worm found. On the other hand if the dog is eating the feces of herbivores then there is less risk since the parasites tend to be specific for the herbivore.

So in answer to the question, there are health risks associated with stool eating, which is another important reason for this habit to be stopped.

Dogs Eating Feces Part 3

When out walking it is best to have dog that is fond of eating feces on a leash, then you can get the dog away from the offending article and some authorities suggest that a muzzle is a good idea, to prevent the dog from eating it.

Diverting a dog with a toy laced with enticing food is another alternative, and if you think that the dog may be eating feces as a result of stress then try and remove the element of stress away from the dog and medication can help this, consult your vet.

One researcher has suggested that a vitamin deficiency is a cause and to check his diet and increase the number of meals you give him (that is frequency not amount).

Dog Eating Feces Part 2

It appears that some of the habit of stool eating is a learned habit, learnt as a puppy by watching other dogs do it, some bitches eat the feces of their offspring to hide the presence of their offspring from predators.

How do we prevent them eating feces?

One of the first methods is to keep all areas free of feces (if you can!), other experts suggest mustard solution or products available at pet stores such as For-bid and Drs. Foster and Smith Dis-Tasten. These are added to the food of the dog whose feaces are being eaten, the product passes thought he animal and having been digested tastes terrible to the dog who eat the faeces.

Other approaches include putting chilli powder or Tabasco on the faeces, unfortunately some dogs discover they like the taste! The best thing is to catch the dog early!

Dog Eating Feces Part 1

A little while ago I was looking up some subjects that people search for on the internet, and the subject of stool eating came very high on the list!

The technical term for it Coprophagy literally from the Greek Copro (faeces) and phagy (eat) – it’s a subject area we find disgusting but as the saying goes “Dogs will be dogs”. It seems that stools from rabbits, deers and horses are especially attractive to some and cats stools to others! Some researchers have said that this is because of vitamin deficiency.

But why do they do it? Well there are numerous theories, some think that it’s because of a dietary insufficiency and some think not. There are some medical conditions that may lead to the predisposal of eating stools such as pancreatic insufficiency. Some experts that think that stress can bring on the condition, such as kennelling your dog or if the dog has been punished for defecation where it shouldn’t and its trying to hide the evidence!

Find out more on the subject tomorrow.

More On Dog Attacks

Dog Attacks Human!!!!

We hear of these reports in the media and the sensationalism that surrounds them. Are they to be believed?

The Centre for Disease control (CDC) has recently release a study of which breeds caused the most human fatalities from 1979 through 1998. The one clear point was that irresponsible owners are the main cause of these attacks and that the use of their studies has caused certain breeds to be labelled more vicious than others. There is no other agency or organization that records these events and much of the evidence is not “empirical” i.e. not clearly defined as observed with the human eye and not based on “scientific principles” and some hearsay evidence.

While many circumstances may contribute to a fatal dog attack, the following three factors appear to play a critical role in the display of canine aggression towards humans;

• What was the dog acquired for, fighting, protection or “image enhancement”.
• Was the dog allowed to roam loose or chained, was the dog and children left unsupervised together, was the dog encouraged to behave aggressively to humans, or was it abused or neglected.
• Unuttered dogs and bitches with puppies or a child coming between a dog and a bitch in season.

No breed of dog is inherently vicious, as all breeds of dogs were created and are maintained exclusively to serve and co-exist with humans. The problem exists not within the breed of dog, but rather within the owners that fail to control, supervise, maintain and properly train the breed of dog they choose to keep.

Remember that training is key to all aspects of your relationship with your dog.

Training to Avoid Dog Attacks

Dog attacks are in the news again. Watching the news yesterday, it came to mind that we all should be responsible citizens and aim for the best for our dogs . The American Kennel Club (AKC) have an excellent scheme called the AKC's Canine Good Citizen programme, quoting from their site: “Good Citizen programme Started in 1989, CGC is a certification program that is designed to reward dogs who have good manners at home and in the community. The Canine Good Citizen Program is a two-part program that stresses responsible pet ownership for owners and basic good manners for dogs. All dogs who pass the 10-step CGC test may receive a certificate from the American Kennel Club. The Canine Good Citizen Program lays the foundation for other AKC activities such as obedience, agility, tracking, and performance events. As you work with your dog to teach the CGC skills, you’ll discover the many benefits and joys of training your dog”

I think that everyone who cares for their dog and their family should investigate this programme, the British Kennel Club also have a similar scheme. Dogs need obedience training and there are organizations that offers solid and practical advice for you. If all dog owners were more responsible there should be fewer cases of these horrific attacks in the news.

Dog Breed and Training

Dog Intelligence and Training

There are some breeds that have reputations to be easier to train than others. For instance the retriever and border collie have been bred for a specific purpose, to retrieve or herd! These dogs have in the past been easier to train and therefore are good breed to start with. Other breeds that have been bred to perform one task to the exclusion of others (the blood hound or the husky or the independent terrier) are more difficult to train.

So what is dog intelligence? a dog that appears to be easy to train may not be particularly adept at performing more complex tasks such as opening latches or opening kitchen cabinets! Do we always want a smart dog! well…as a new dog owner high intelligence in not necessarily good, highly intelligent dogs also require a high level of stimulation to prevent them becoming restless and taking out their frustrations on us (in a nice way!) .

No breed is impossible to obedience train, but novice owners might find training some breeds quite difficult. The capacity to learn basic obedience, and even complicated behavior, is inherent in all dogs. Owners may need to be more patient, or creative, or both, with some breeds than with others. Research what breed will suit your personality better than another.

Bringing Home Your New Puppy

Your new puppy is home, now the fun part starts! As both you and your lovely new ball of fun get used to each other both of you have some adjusting to do to each other. Your puppy has just taken a big step away from its mum, its litter mates and it comfort zone. You will need patience and a sense of humor.

The age that most breeders recommend, that your puppy leaves its mother is 7 to 8 weeks. If your puppy is eight weeks old then be very patient with him, this is the fear period and that can mean that your puppy is very easily frightened by loud noises, take care and try to keep him settled. Fears gained at this age can take a long time to break.

If he’s is older then he will be a little more boisterous and biddable, you will be able to get his attention easily and he will want to please you, a good age to start the training. Remember your puppy is never to young to start learning and it is important to set the ground rules straight away.

What Are You Feeding Your Dog?

"Commercial Dog Food is Killing Your Dog, Hear What The Experts Have to Say..."
The wide spread disease and death of dogs from nutritionally inadequate and poison-laden commercial dog food is no secret in the world of vets and dog experts.... click here to find out more.

It is as important to know what you are feeding your dog as it is yourself. It is always highlighted in the news and press about eating healthily and looking after your diet, but what about what we feed our best friend? Do read this and discover things you never really thought, about please let us know what you think!

Dangers in cold weather

Tips for Your Dog in Cold Weather

In the recent cold weather it reminded me of some tips for the cold weather – if the snow starts piling up, do keep the paths and a bathroom area clear in your yard.

Other tips for the cold weather - If your dog insists on going out for a walk despite the cold weather, keep the walks short if it's really cold, and clean off your dogs feet when you've been walking on salted sidewalks so that the slat and chemicals don’t hurt your dog. Salt and road chemicals can burn, once eaten or licked can cause some digestive abnormalities as well!

A little while ago I mentioned antifreeze and I just wanted to repeat the warning about this and to be sure that you don’t let your dog get close to any spilt antifreeze. Because the substance is sweet tasting pets do not realise the dangers and only one teaspoon can kill! Once a dog has ingested antifreeze it may appear drunk or vomit and will probably drink more and urinate more. If this happens then call your vet immediately, it can kill very quickly, in a matter of hours!

How Puppies Learn

Handling Your Puppy Helps Them Learn!!

Handling your puppy regularly during the first eight weeks of life is essential to help them become trained and live in our home. In an earlier blog I mentioned this and that it is ideal to place them in their permanent home between 8 and 10 weeks of age, in some places it is against the law to take them away from their mother before eight weeks. They need this period before they leave their mother to learn socialization skills form their litter mates and their mother.

In addition to this puppies are innately fearful of new things during the 10-12 week period.
Puppies can begin learning tricks and commands as early as 8 weeks of age; the only limitations are the puppy's stamina, concentration, and physical coordination. It is much easier to live with young dogs that have already learned basic commands such as sit.

Waiting until the puppy is older and has already learned undesirable habits makes the training much more challenging.

More on Puppies

How Puppies Learn and Develop Part 2

The first two weeks of any puppy’s life is called the “neonatal period” and it is during this a time that they learn in a hap hazard way probably due to the fact that their brains, sensory and motor nervous system are still largely underdeveloped. It is therefore difficult for the puppy to learn by experience and difficult to affect it psychologically.

The next period however called the socialisation period, between 21 days and 12 weeks is thought to be the most important since it is the time in which they learn by play (as humans do) the puppy is curious it engages in play fights and a lot of body contact with its siblings and mother. This is important to develop its social interactions and relationships in life. It does learn to have interactions with us humans at this time as well, at 3-5 weeks it will actively approach strangers. However some avoidance of strangers can happen and increase till the puppy is 12-14 weeks, it is best to actively introduce strangers to them and reassure!

Prenatal Learning

How Puppies Learn!

I was interested to find there has been some research done on dogs and “prenatal learning” that is learning that the puppy gets whilst in its mother’s womb. Previously (like us humans) it had been thought that the period did not count since you could not observe the behavior of the puppy. Now with modern techniques such as ultrasound it has been seen that puppies do in fact respond to touch or pressure from outside the womb, a sense that is very well, developed after birth. Some studies have shown that the litter once born is more docile if the mother has been petted.

More tomorrow..

Having trouble with you puppy and toilet training him …click here to find out how you could stat sorting out the mess today!

Check list to go to kennels

Before you take you dog to a kennel…

Here are a few tips to prepare your dog for his stay in the kennels

• Check him for fleas and check the vaccination records, kennels will not take a dog that is not vaccinated.
• Some basic training is and idea to stop him escaping from the kennels. Some trainers recommend that the dog should be at least trained to sit or stay whilst being petted.
• Try to get your dog socialised to walk on a leash and to socialise with other dogs and strangers.
• Some kennels crate their dogs and make sure that if your dog is going to be crated that he has been acccustomised to one.
• Let the staff know, preferable in list form of any idiosyncrasies that your dog has for example health problems, hates men, dogs ,chews or any other problems.
• If the kennel doesn't feed the food you use, bring along a supply that will last until you get home.
• The more information you give the kennels the better, and remember to give your contact numbers and your Vets.

What Should I Do With My Dog When I'm Away?

How can I choose a kennel to put my dog in?

We all have been there, we want to go on holiday but don’t want our dog to feel unwanted or unhappy when we are away..

The first step is to look at the kennels that other people have recommended. Call all the dog owners you know and ask them what they do when they go away? Call the kennels and arrange a visit midweek, good kennels are very busy on Mondays and Fridays as dogs come in or go home. There are plenty of kennels so cross off any you can't see, unless of course they come very highly recommended!

When you do visit, do obey your instincts, if it feels it’s not a place for your dog, don’t send them there! “Cleanliness is next to dogliness” here ( allow some slack at busy times). The smell of the kennel is also important, no smells of urine or faeces should remain after the kennels are supposed to be clean, perhaps they are not that clean!

Here are other things to look out for

• The yard is full of garbage or debris
• Clean and clean-smelling kennel runs, hallways,
• The building is in need of serious repair,
  if the food bowls are dirty and the water bowls scummy,
• Clean bedding
• Good ventilation
• Caring staff
• Is the kitchen where the dog meals are prepared clean, is the food in barrels or in the refrigerator,
• What are the feeding schedules, do they charge extra for medications.
• If you find that kennels are booked then make a reservation at several and then take your choice, do cancel reservations in good time though!
• A list of required vaccinations (many kennels now require Bordatella vaccination against kennel cough).

Good luck!

More About Food And Training

Phasing out Food in Training

There are different schools of thought about phasing out food, some experts believe in using for every introduction of a command to the dog and others only use it for puppies. Both schools do phase out food and depend on the use of rewards such as praise and the relationship they have with the dog to control him.

It is important to use praise throughout training as some dogs will start to only work for the food not the praise and this can prove troublesome. Most trainers believe that treats can be reduced and supplemented with praise and food only reserved for the third or fourth time the dog performs the command and then eliminated.

Treats For Training

Type of Food

What foods should I use as treats?

Those treats that are used for training should be small, easy to digest and should not crumble in your hand, as this makes it difficult to handle. Pet stores have many treats available although sometimes small amounts of chicken or cut up hot dog are goodto use, Ozzy loves hot dog as it is strong smelling and tasty.

Cheese is another alternative, small cubes or strings are the most appropriate.

Avoid biscuits as these interfere with the training, they make the puppy loose concentration whilst they are chewing and then scrambling for the leftovers! Some can be cereals are useful alternatives.

Treats should be given when the dog is hungry and make sure that you are not adding to the dog daily rations, you do not want then to have to start on another problem – weight!

More About Food And Training

Kids and Snacks

Young children can find it tough when there are dogs in the house especially during meal time, the temptation to give their favourite friend a snack is almost too much to bear at some times. It is important to do this however so that the proper treat training can be adhered to. The dog that has access to any food that he wants is a poor candidate for training.

The little morsel that any child gives its favourite friend is a major distraction to the dog, why should it obey?

The ideal solution is to keep your dog away from the food, especially when there are children around! It could also result in the dog becoming aggressive and teretorial!

Food for Dog Thought!

The Rule of the Iron Paw!

Food is great, it can change a 120 pound Rotweiller cross into a docile pup, it can stop you having to push, pull and bully your dog into submission so that you can train him, a simple treat can work wonders.

With all training it pays to start early though, having to deal with a unruly dog already accustomed to his or her own way can require a lot more patience. A dog that is happy to serve the human that feeds him is an easier dog to train. If you dog is unruly, experts tell us that cutting him or her of from affection and food is necessary till he obeys your commands, don’t give in to impatience and expediency otherwise what “goes around comes around”, your dog will be your master!

The difficulties of the first few days, and there will be some (!), will soon be forgotten as soon as our faithful friend learns that the centre of their universe is their owner. Obedience will then replace frustration.

Experts give us a word of warning, if a dog becomes aggressive get straight to a canine behaviour specialist like Cesar Millan “the dog whisperer”. This is an experts job and must be dealt with immediately.

Is Training is All About Manners?

“Manners maketh man” (and dogs!) Just as we require our children to be well mannered at home as well as in public, so we should expect the same of our dog family members.

Manners for dogs – start with the very young dog. Commands only work if they are reinforced and food is very useful as a training aid, it is and excellent attention getter to focus your dog or puppy on what you want them to do! Puppies (like some people!) will do just about anything for a treat and which should always be accompanied by praise, "good boy"! spoken with enthusiasm! Some owners insist on not using food but in my experience, that it is a panacea for training puppies! The frustration of teaching the basic commands of “sit, down, come, heel, stand, etc” are lost with a little bit of food. One sniff of food and he or she is there! One article I read recently said:
“With food, there is no pushing or scooping the puppy into position and no irritation because the puppy bites at hands, wiggles away, or collapses into a pile of oozing protoplasm. With food, the action, the treat, and the praise are a package, and the puppy will respond to the praise as much as the treat as his bond with humans grows”

Some experts teach puppies to do all the basic commands without any manhandling. teaching puppies to sit, lie down, stand, and come without man-handling. For example one expert says that by holding food treat just slightly above the puppies head (this makes the puppy lookup and therefore sits) and when the dogs behind is “sat” he gives him a treat. He also touches his/her collar to get the puppy used to a hand coming to them while they are sat. This makes it easier to clip a leash onto the dog later on in training.

Further steps in the process involve holding the treat just above the puppies head, if the puppy jumps withhold the treat until the dog sits. If the puppy reverses his body back them into wall. Work with the dog so that you get the puppy to focus on whatever you want, to lie down get the treat low so that the dog has to lie down (some help may be necessary) withdraw the treat until the puppy obeys.

Once he learns down, combine the two commands by telling him to sit, go down, then sit again. Give the treat at the end of the sequence.
1. Sit
2. Lie
3. Sit – treat

Teach him/ her to stand on command by holding the treat in front of him while he’s sitting and saying “stand.” Move the treat forward so he has to stand to get it. Incorporate stand with sit and down in sequence and give the treat after he obeys a string of commands.

Puppies should always sit to be fed, get a treat, get petted, have leash attached to collar, go out of the door or get out of the crate or the car or any other time when they are told to sit. Let us know how you get on.

The Dog Whisperer

You may remember a couple of days ago I mentioned a program that I watched called “The Dog Whisperer” .........

It is a National Geographic Channel series that began showing in 2004. Central to the program is a person called Cesar Millan who rehabilitates and restores balance to dogs with problems.
His specialty is working with aggressive dogs.

Cesar's specialty is the application of rules, boundaries and limitations. He advocates the use of Pack leadership, as a means of controlling the basic instincts of the dog to exist in a content calm state. His whole theory is based on demonstrating to the owners how to obtain and maintain this.

During the show, we are introduced to difficult dogs and their owners and home movies are shown to indicate their misdemeanors. Having chatted with the family Cesar then offers suggestions how owners may alter their own behaviors to become a pack leader for their pet. In the vast majority of cases, it is the people who need training, more than the dog!

Clicker Training continued

More on Clicker Training

Having trouble potty training your dog ? Then click here for some answers….

The four messages mentioned a few days ago about the four reward markers that can be used to train your dog..

These four messages do not have to be communicated with words, and other, nonverbal signals, can be used.

Mechanical clickers are one of the options that are often used for the reward marker.
Hand signals and body language also play an important part in learning for dogs.

Repetition is the way to teach the meaning of the four signals. You must consistently give your dog a reward marker immediately before giving him a food treat. The dog soon will learn to associate the reward marker with receiving something pleasant.

Also do the same with a punishment marker before he is scolded or put outside for bad behaviour, he will soon learn to associate the punishment marker with the punishment itself.

Remember dog training is all about consitency and repetition, and therefore is very dependant on you. The most re-inforcement and repetition the better and quicker your dog will respond.

Part Three on Dog Whispering

More on Dog Whispering

Some experts believe that the healthiest environment for a dog is within a working dog pack and that most of the psychological disorders can be solved within this situation.

Dog whispering is based on using us as leaders of the dog pack modifying the behaviors of the individual dogs which may exhibit numerous disorders such as aggression, stress, anxiety, fear, weight loss, hyperactivity among others.

Part Two

“The Dog Whisperer” - Talking to Your Dog

Dog training and dog potty training can be enjoyable. According to experts there are four important messages that we can train our dog with:

“Reward marker” for correct behavior. Your dog has earned a reward. For example, the words "Free" or "Okay" followed by a reward.

“Keep going” signal for correct behaviour. You want the dog to continue and it will earn a reward. For example, "Good" or "Come on".

“No reward” marker for Incorrect behavior. You are telling your dog to Try something else. For example, "Uh-uh" or "Try again".

“Punishment marker” for severe incorrect behavior. Your dog has earned punishment. For example, a stern "No" or more specific commands like "off," "out," or "leave it."

It is important to use consistent signals or words for these messages, this enables the dog to understand them more quickly. If you sometimes says "good" as a reward marker and sometimes as a keep going signal, it is difficult for the dog to know when he has earned a reward.

It is important to note that there is a difference between a reward marker and a dog's reward. The reward marker is a sign that tells the dog that he has earned the reward. So you may say the reward marker then the reward will follow - "Free" or "Okay" is the reward marker then give him praise or a treat or food.

Many new dog owners make the mistake of using lots and lots of verbal praise as both the reward and the marker which can confuse dog and owner. Remember dogs can only retain and therefore respond to 20 to 30 words at a maximum so choose your words carefully.

More tips to follow…..

Part One

“The Dog Whisperer” - Talking to Your Dog

The other night I cam across a programme about communicating with your dog called “the dog whisperer” and I was intrigued. This programme made me think about how we communicate to our dogs.

Dog training is about communication. Unconsciously one of the owners of a dog was communicating something totally different to what they thought they were communicating and this caused the dogs behaviour to be unhelpful to say the least!

We as humans cannot help but communicate, even when we don’t mean to!! Some research has shown that nearly 93% of what we communicate, is not from what we say, but from non – verbal communication, “body language” Dogs instincts pick this up and will react accordingly.

From the dogs view we must learn what motivates the dog, if we want him to do as we say!
From our perspective we must communicate to (”tell”) the dog what behaviors are correct, desired, or preferred, in what circumstances and what behaviours are undesirable.

We also must also understand the communication that the dog sends to the handler. These signals can be that he is unsure, confused, nervous, happy, excited, and so on. We must pay attention to this because a stressed or distracted dog will not learn as well.

Tomorrow we will look at some of the important commands that we can teach our dogs.

Another type of dog training!

Clicker Training

Clicker training has its origins in training dolphins and pigeons, which are animals that, unlike dogs and don’t respond well to obedience training. The process involves using a “clicker” (technically called a conditioned reinforcer) and this clicker marks the precise behaviour that is correct.

Clicker training is the more popular term used with dogs for what is called “operant conditioning” which deals with the modification of a dog’s voluntary behaviour through the use of consequences. The dog learns that through trial and error that only certain behaviours bring rewards. Unsuccessful or unrewarded behaviours get “stamped out” or extinguished.
This way the dog becomes conditioned to associate the clicker sound with a learned behaviour.

Simple tricks to train your dog.

Training Tricks

Teaching your dog tricks can help to develop a stronger relationship with him or her, it can also be good because it provides entertainment and involves the dogs mind, and can alleviate boredom in the dog.

One trick – the popular, “shake hands trick”, involves the dog raising its paw on command. Another clever trick is teaching the dog to ring a bell to go outside and this can be useful to help the dog owner to realise when the dog wants to go out. This can be very useful when house training your dog.

There are other less useful learned habits such as begging for dinner at the dinner table, the best advice is to ignore the dog and he or she will soon get the message to stop, this should not be encouraged as it could lead the dog to be territorial about food or even aggressive.

After all that Dog Training

Do Dogs Laugh?

Do dogs Laugh? Some psychologists argue that the pre requisites for laughter are the ability to be aware of one's own situation, or the ability to identify with somebody else's predicament, and because animals are thought not to posses this, animals are not really laughing in the same way that we do.

The normal panting of a dog sound a little like a laugh however when the pant is analysed by scientists using a device called a spectrograph the frequencies that are analysed are similar to that of laughter and this sound is played to other dogs signs such as dogs playing, friendliness and a decrease in the recorded stress levels of the dogs.

A few years ago some scientists observed 120 puppies and dogs – they compare dogs with and without the sounds of the panting. The dogs were observed for a whole range of behaviours that indicated stress or relaxation. What was interesting was that the group that were played the sounds of the panting wagged their tails more and showed more signs of what the scientists called “pro-social behaviour” – lip licking – approaching other dogs. The scientist concluded that exposure to these sounds can calm dogs.

List of Plants that are Poisonous to Dogs

Find out what plant are poisonous to your dog.

With all this dog walking I thought it important to mention that there are many plants that are poisonous to our Dogs and we should be aware of them. I have put together a list of the most common one to watch out for. Click here to check out for them.

How to defend yourself if attacked by a dog.

Human Defence against Dogs

What to do in case of a dog attack:

• Stay Still ! it very tempting to do otherwise but its a dogs instinct to chase anything that runs
• Stand very still and look in its general direction but not into it eyes, this is an aggressive challenge
• Let the dog smell you
• Say NO and Go Home and stay where you are until the dog moves away
• Then very slowly back away
• If you are being attacked, use something for it to grab hold of rather that you, use anything you have on you, clothing, coats, bags whilst you back away
• If it knock you down curl into a ball and protect you head with your hands, stay still and quiet

More in the series about dog walking.

Tips for Walking Your Dog

1. Train your dog the most important thing before taking out your dog is to train it. The dog has to be trusted. Training is best started when the dog is a puppy. Certificates from recognised bodies can be obtained and there are a number of books also available. The dog will be more pleasurable to walk with when he is trained.


2. Walk on leash.
   It is important that the dog can’t get away from you and cause problems. There are a number of different leashes to consider a head collar or harness. Some find that retractable leashes to be useful but I personally find that you have little control over the dog and them to be more annoying than useful!


3. Check your route - dogs allowed where you plan to walk?
   The best thing to do is to check before with the organisers of, say, a walking events, other places are trails, shuttle buses and visitors centers


4. Carry a plastic bag or pooper scooper.
   Many walkers carry plastic bags with them - dyper bags are a good thought. Turn the bag inside out – use it as a glove to pick up the droppings and then turn it back over and tie the bag up. Many parks and walking trails have designated bins for dogs and in some states it is an offence to allow your dog to “foul the footway”


5. Water
   Both your dog and you need water carry a bottle and use your hand if necessary but collapsible cups, water dishes and bags are also useful. Your Pet store might have some alternatives


6. Rest
   Stops as well as exercise you both need rest – take ten minutes out to let your dog cool down in hot weather occasionally enjoy chatting to other walkers and if permissible let the dog swim in rivers and lakes. Watch public beaches though some times they are not allowed.


7. Identification
   It also important that your dog has a couple of form of ID some have name tags and collars – a better alternative is to have tattoos or identification microchips embedded within their skin. In some states you will have to have a rabies certificate with you!
   What is great is that dogs are great nags, their insits that you take them out even if it is silently! They are good walking companions and great personal trainers Waging tails is the norm for dogs on walks!

Get Back into Shape

NEW YEAR’S RESOLUTIONS

Trying to get back into shape, shed some weight and spend more time with your dog?

The best solution is walking your dog. Not only is it good for you but also your dog, so you will both benefit in helping control your weight, and maintaining a healthy heart, lungs and muscles. It also strengthens the bond between you and your dog.

Even if your dog is active in the garden, he will be more active going out for a walk, and being with you is one of your dog’s greatest motivations to exercise and pleasure. Dogs not only need exercise, but also social interaction, mental stimulation and positive attention from their owner.

Fresh air and exercise are also very good stress relievers especially in today’s busy climate. You will both come back positively refreshed by nature. Aging dogs must be kept as agile and fit as possible but may not be as inclined to exercise without encouragement, shorter more varied walks maybe better, and remember that it is also harder for the older dog to carry extra weight.
Start off with shorter walks and as you both get fitter increase the time and distance. It is a good idea to keep a journal to record your progress. Set out a program for 6 weeks and notice the progress week by week.

Invest in an good detailed map of the area were you live and plan your route. It can be quite surprising how varied and beautiful ones surrounds are.

Walking has become a very popular form of exercise as it is low impact, but gives a good overall workout and power walkers can walk up to 5 miles an hour – now there’s a goal!
Ozzy loves going out for walks being quite a heavy dog the longest he has managed is 10 miles, although poppet his friend has done 20 miles with me and then still wanted to go out with the horses. The secret is to build it up gently and enjoy. If either of you get tired then just have a rest.

Interval training is a very successful way to train; basically it varies the length and intensity of exercise. So you walk slowly for a while then increase the speed for say 15 minutes then slow down to recover then speed up again. This way you gradually speed up for long periods as you get fitter.

Walking tips

Firstly it is important to choose the proper clothing for you. Wear light weight layered clothing that is loose fitting and durable – weather resistant clothes are preferable. Then the proper walking shoes are very importantly, we would suggest that you go to a shoe store that specializes in walking and get proper walking shoes or boots. The best shoe for you is the one that fits you best, the one that gives you the proper support, flexibility, cushioning, and compensates for any stride problems you may have, such as overpronation (which is when the feet roll inward too much). Each person's feet are different. Take all advice with a pinch of salt and find a shoe fitting expert to help you find the shoe that is best for your walking distance, speed, style, and surface as well as your weight and stride.

Make sure your dog has a well fitting collar and lead. He must also have an identification tag (licence tag). A reflective collar is always useful if it is not a bright day. If it is hot make sure you carry water for both you and your dog to drink. Also make sure you take bags to clear up after him.

The second thing is to stretch, a usually forgotten step, but as with any exercise it is important to stretch before and after your walk. Hold each one for a count of 15 and gently ease in and out of each one.

Set yourself a goal (how often have you heard that?) these have to be realistic though, half an hour every day is good, then increase a little at a time.

Safety tips

• Be seen, wear reflective clothing especially at dawn, dusk and night – during the day also wear light clothing.
• Bring a “fanny pack” with ID and pocket change and alarm and a cellphone!
• Let people - friends and family know your route and when you are leaving and intend to come back.
• If possible walk with a friend. Keep if possible to well known routes.
• When near cars take care, especially parked cars, make sure that traffic can see you – especially at traffic light, traffic often turns red on a right.